Which of the following pertains to standards applicable to various structural components in construction?

The correct answer is Building Codes. Building codes are sets of regulations that govern the design, construction, alteration, and maintenance of buildings and structures. These codes include specific standards that must be applied to various structural components, ensuring safety, health, and general welfare in the built environment. They dictate how materials should be used, structural integrity requirements, load-bearing calculations, and much more, thus addressing compliance for foundations, walls, roofs, and other essential elements of construction.

The other options, while related to the broader context of construction and design, do not specifically focus on the standards for structural components in the same way. Applicable standards may refer to a variety of guidelines but do not encompass the regulatory framework that building codes provide. Construction regulations can capture a wide range of aspects in the industry but are not exclusively about structural components. Sustainability guidelines focus more on environmental considerations rather than the technical execution of structural integrity in buildings.